4-Biology-History-Behavior

Burgess Thom

Experiment cannot induce blushing physically. Experiment can induce blushing only mentally. Trying to restrain blushing only increases it.

Bates H

He lived 1825 to 1892, studied mimicry [1862] {Batesian mimicry}, and was a naturalist in Amazon [1848 to 1859].

Donders F

He lived 1818 to 1889 and studied eyes and reaction times.

Charcot J

He lived 1825 to 1893 and studied multiple sclerosis, hysteria, hypnosis, and tabes dorsalis "shooting pains" {lightning pains}.

Pfluger E

He lived 1829 to 1910. Organisms have goal-directed feedback mechanisms to stabilize output.

Romanes G

He lived 1848 to 1894. Animals learn by imitation [1886].

Loeb J

He lived 1859 to 1924. Simple animals have forced tropism movements. Animals move towards stimulus source {positive tropism} or away from it {negative tropism}. Simple animals have paired receptors, such as eyes, which send signals to paired muscles, such as legs. When both receptors send equal signals, tension balances between both muscles, and animal moves in straight lines {tonus hypothesis}. However, tonus hypothesis is not true for simple or higher animals.

Lorenz K

He lived 1903 to 1989 and studied natural behavior {ethology, Lorenz}, aggression, imprinting, instincts, innate releasing mechanisms, and fixed action patterns.

Tinbergen N

He lived 1907 to 1988 and studied ethology.

Masters Johnson

Masters lived 1915 to 2001. Johnson lived 1925 to ?. They studied sexuality.

Brown B

People can sense unconscious body behavior by signal biofeedback [1968]. After training, people can control one neuron or can change blood pressure or heartbeat.

Goodall J

She lived 1934 to ? and studied chimpanzee behavior. Chimps grunt, pant, bark, roar, scream, squeak, whimper, laugh, click teeth, and smack lips, in 30 different ways with different meanings [1972].

Napier John R biology

He lived 1917 to 1987.

Seyfarth Cheney

Monkeys make alarm calls even when they can perceive that other monkeys are not near or that other monkeys are calling already. Monkeys do not have theory of mind. Vervet monkeys make different alarm calls for eagles, leopards, and snakes and use grunts in social interactions.

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Date Modified: 2022.0225