Lamarck said that organism actions cause body changes {Lamarckianism}. For example, giraffes have long necks through continual neck stretching. This theory is false in general, but organism actions can affect evolution in small ways by affecting mutation, crossing-over, and translocation.
learning
Perhaps, neurohormones and neurotransmitters sent from brain can affect germ cells by changing gene expression or causing structural changes. Thus, learned behaviors can trigger chemicals that can alter germ cells. Alterations can correspond to learned behavior.
strength
Perhaps, fittest individuals can sustain useless or harmful innovations that weaker individuals cannot have. Innovations can then evolve into useful traits, and species can evolve.
energy
Perhaps, fittest individuals have more energy, matter, and organization to implement innovations that have no chance in weaker individuals. Innovations can then evolve into useful traits, and species can evolve.
Perhaps, all traits are adaptive {panadaptationism}. This theory is not true, because most traits are side effects and some traits are not good adaptations [Gould and Lewontin, 1979].
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Date Modified: 2022.0225