When1: 1967
Who: Stephen Smale [Smale, Stephen]
What: mathematician
Where: USA
works\ Differentiable Dynamic Systems [1967]
Detail: He lived 1930 to ? and studied non-linear oscillators that had stable, non-repeating, periodic patterns. He studied topology in five or higher dimensions and Poincaré conjecture. He invented topological phase-space transformations {Smale's horseshoe}, in which space stretches, shrinks, and folds multiple times in any dimension. Transformations are sensitive to initial conditions.
Mathematical Sciences>Mathematics>History>Complexity Theory
3-Mathematics-History-Complexity Theory
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Date Modified: 2022.0224