Consistent and complete valid inference rules can cover all reasoning situations {logic}. Logic laws are language laws, not necessarily laws of reality.
Traditional logic started with statement and performed conversion to get converse, obversion to get obverse, contraposition to get contrapositive, and inversion to get inverse {immediate inference, tradition}. Logic is about qualities and relations, not about world.
People learn logical principles, as people perceive particular examples. Babies and young children do not know or use logical principles.
Logic and mathematics provide proposition forms but not actual propositions.
scope
Statements have terms and operations {scope, logic}.
randomness
It is impossible to prove that number is random. By information theory, numbers have same information content as all other numbers. High randomness means high information complexity.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224