Systems can have many and/or different states, objects, events, dependencies, and interactions {complexity, system}. Complex systems share information among objects [Goodwin, 1994] [Kauffman, 1993] [May, 1976] [Pagels, 1988] [Prigogine and Nicolis, 1989] [Prigogine and Stengers, 1984] [Prigogine, 1980] [Smale, 1967].
hierarchy
Having more parts and relations allows part and relation levels.
emergence
Having more parts and relations allows new part and relation combinations.
laws
The many and varied complex-system relations make conservation laws, constancies, covarying elements, and other regularities.
flows and circuits
The many complex-system relations propagate changes throughout system.
states
Systems can return to initial or previous state or reach terminal state, so system halts or repeats. Terminal states are typically undesirable, unstable, or otherwise break system, so system must protect against them. Physical complex systems can self-destruct. They must have mechanisms to prevent halting, repeating, and breakdown or extricate themselves from such situations. Complex systems typically are stable for only some states. Stable complex systems have resting or default states.
non-isolation
Complex systems can have complex input and output.
non-isolation: energy
Stable physical complex systems require energy sources and regulate energy input and output between system and environment.
non-isolation: environment
Physical complex systems can work in only one environment type.
Mathematical Sciences>Computer Science>Systems>Complexity Theory
3-Computer Science-Systems-Complexity Theory
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Date Modified: 2022.0224