Computer systems have physical parts {computer, parts} {peripheral}. CPU reads instructions and data and calculates. Memory stores data and instructions. Input receives data. Output prints, displays, or sends data to another device.
relations
Input or output devices connect to peripheral-control bus, which connects to input-output processor, which connects to CPU and memory. Central processor connects to input-output processor and memory. Memory connects to input-output processor and CPU.
computer clock
Computer clocks send electric pulse at beginning of CPU cycles or steps. Time pulse into AND-circuit flip-flop sets flip-flop circuit. Time-pulse length must be long enough to set flip-flop. Signals go from one flip-flop circuit to the next in one time pulse. Time interval between CPU clock pulses must be long enough to let signal stabilize and to let pulse pass through longest network.
data protection
Duplicate equipment can preserve data. Comparing twin equipment can check for errors. Duplicate equipment can share work. One can switch on as backup, if other fails. Backup methods {failsoft} can limit data loss from failures. Central-control unit can switch off parts that have failed or are being serviced {controlled reconfiguration}.
Mathematical Sciences>Computer Science>Hardware>Parts
3-Computer Science-Hardware-Parts
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Date Modified: 2022.0224