Instruments {accordion} can use squeezed air.
Instruments {bagpipe} can use squeezed air.
Orchestra leaders use a stick {baton} to keep time.
Medieval instruments {caps} can have hard metal caps struck to make tone.
Baroque period had harpsichords {clavichord} {clavier}.
Vietnamese one-stringed violins {dan bau} can use a stand.
People play Vietnamese flat stringed instruments {dan tran} with a pick.
People play Indonesian flat stringed instruments {gamelan} with a pick.
People play West-Indies African drums {grand tambour} {tambour} with sticks.
Instruments {idiophone, instrument} {autophone} with no strings or membranes can vibrate. Metal instruments {metallophone} with no strings or membranes can vibrate. Struck idiophones {concussion idiophone} include triangle, bell, marimba, as well as scraped or shaken idiophones, such as maracas, flexatone, and bell. Plucked idiophones include jew's harp, music box, thumb piano, and mbira. Blown idiophones include Aeolsklavier. Instruments {friction idiophone}, such as glass harmonica, daxophone, styrophone, musical saw, and nail violin, can have metal or wood pieces rubbed with bows.
Players can bow Persian one-stringed violins {kamancheh}.
Players can use a pick to play Japanese flat stringed instruments {koto}.
Idiophone instruments {lamellaphone} can have large or small thin metal keys {tongue, key}, attached to wood, that vibrate when pushed and let go. They include thumb piano, Jew's harp, marimbula, music box, sanza, kisanji, likembe, mbira, mbila, and kalimba.
Players can pluck Greek six-stringed harps {lyre} with fingers.
Mexican bands {mariachi band}| can have two violins, two trumpets, Spanish guitar, higher-pitched five-string guitar {vihuela}, and small bass guitar {guitarron}, with no singer.
origins
The sound {son, Mexico} derives from Spanish theatrical orchestras, African music, and Native-American music. Mariachi started in Jalisco {son jalisciense}. Example is La Negra.
In Veracruz, harp replaces guitarron {son veracruzano} {son jarocho}. Example is La Bamba.
Southeast Mexico adds flute {son huasteco} {huapango}. Examples are La Malague-a and Serenata Huasteca.
dance
Mariachi music is for dancing. In Jalisco and Veracruz, dances {zapateado} feature hard pounding by boot heels, to make fast syncopated rhythms. In Guadalajara, Mexican hat dances {jarabe tapatio} have man wearing Jalisco cowboy {charro} clothes and woman wearing shawl and colorful blouse with sequins.
French bagpipe {musette}.
Instruments {organ, instrument} can use air pipes or simulated air pipes. Organs include barrel organ, calliope, glockenspiel, hurdy-gurdy, melodeon, Moog synthesizer, synthesizer, and reed organ.
Percussion instruments {piano, instrument} {pianoforte} can have key levers that bounce felt hammer off string and raise damper off strings. Wood slab beside strings is sounding board. Piano can have two or three pedals. Left pedal keeps all dampers half down. Middle pedal keeps all dampers down. Right pedal keeps all dampers up. Harpsichords use plucking.
Chinese lute {pipa}.
Medieval picks {plectrum} plucked stringed instruments.
Persian hammered 72-string dulcimer {santour}.
In Trinidad, oil drums make xylophone-like instruments {steel band}.
Players pluck Persian three-string guitars {tar, guitar} with fingers.
People play Persian ceramic drums {tombak} with fingers.
Human instruments {voice, singing} can use lungs for energy, vocal chords for frequency, throat as air cavity, head and neck for resonance, and tongue, lips, and mouth for articulation.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225