Poems {poetry} have rhythm, prosody, rhyme, and sound effects.
poetry {poesy}.
Poets {creacionismo} can be word magicians.
Mande poet {griot} {dyeli} {belein-tigui}.
Stereotyped synonyms {kenning} or compound words were in Old-English poetry.
Chinese verse {qualitative verse} uses voice pitch, rather than rhythm.
Greek and Latin verse {quantitative verse} depended on long and short syllable rhythms.
Poems have stanza patterns {prosody, poetry}.
long-poem part {canto}.
Line pairs {couplet}| can rhyme. Couplets typically have eight syllables per line.
Iambic-pentameter line pairs {heroic couplet} can rhyme.
Eight iambic pentameter lines have rhyme scheme ABABABCC {ottava rima}.
Stanzas {quatrain}| can have four lines. Quatrains can have iambic pentameter lines with rhyme scheme ABAB {heroic quatrain} {elegiac quatrain} {heroic stanza}. Quatrains can have iambic pentameter line, iambic trimeter line, iambic tetrameter line, and iambic trimeter line {ballad stanza}.
Verses {quintain} can have five lines.
Seven iambic pentameter lines have rhyme scheme ABABBCC {rhyme royal}.
Eight iambic-pentameter lines can precede an Alexandrine line, with rhyme scheme ABABBCBCC {Spenserian stanza}.
Poems have sections or paragraphs {stanza} {verse} with fixed line numbers in rhyming patterns.
Stanzas {triplet, three} {tercet} can have three lines.
Triplet stanzas {terza rima} can have line that rhymes with line in next stanza.
Poetry typically uses similar sounds at line ends or inside lines {rhyme} {rhyming}. Line ends can have similar sounds {terminal rhyme} {end rhyme}. Line last syllables can have same last vowel sound and same last consonant sound {perfect rhyme} {exact rhyme}. Line last syllables can have same last consonant sound {half-rhyme} {off rhyme}. Line last syllables can have same spelling but different pronunciation {eye rhyme}.
Initial word sounds can be similar {alliteration}| {initial rhyme}.
Two words can have same vowel sound but different consonant sounds {assonance}.
Two words can have same consonant sounds but different vowel sounds {consonance, rhyme}.
The rhyming syllable can be unstressed {feminine rhyme} {double rhyme}, with stressed syllable preceding unstressed syllable.
Similar sounds can repeat inside line {internal rhyme}.
Rhyming syllable can have stress {masculine rhyme}.
Line ends can look the same but sound different {sight rhyme}.
Line ends can have same vowel sound but different consonants {slant rhyme}.
Rhyming syllable can have stress {stress, poetry} or no stress.
Poetry uses repeated stressed and unstressed syllables {rhythm, poetry}. Pauses, word lengths, and consonant clusters affect rhythm.
One or more unstressed syllables can be at line beginning {anacrusis}.
Line can have short pause {caesura}.
One or two unstressed syllables can be at line end {catalexis}.
Unstressed syllable can be at line end {feminine ending} or stressed syllable can be at line end {masculine ending} {ending}.
Line ends can have a pause {end-stopped line}.
Line ends can have no pause {run-on line} {enjambment}.
One or more unstressed syllables can be at line beginning or end {hypermeter}.
Poem lines can repeat feet {meter, poetry}. Poem lines can have three feet {trimeter}, four feet {tetrameter}, five feet {pentameter}, six feet {hexameter}, or seven feet {heptameter}.
Poem lines have foot type and feet number {scansion}| {scan}. To scan lines, foot name in adjective form precedes meter. For example, Alexandrine poetry used iambic hexameter. Shakespeare used iambic pentameter.
One stressed syllable can be at foot beginning, with any number of unstressed syllables {sprung rhythm}.
English verse uses louder and longer syllables {accented syllable} and softer and shorter syllables {unaccented syllable} {accent, poetry}.
Poems {stress-verse} typically have stressed-syllable patterns.
Two or three syllables {foot, poetry} {feet, poetry} have one stressed syllable or no stressed syllable. Poem lines repeat feet.
Three syllables {anapest, poetry} can have last syllable stressed and so have rising stress.
Three syllables {dactyl, poetry} can have first syllable stressed and so have falling stress.
The most common foot {iamb, poetry} has two syllables with second stressed, and so has rising stress.
Two syllables {pyrrhic, poetry} can have no stress.
Three syllables {spondee, poetry} can have neither rising nor falling stress.
Two syllables {trochee, poetry} with first stressed have falling stress.
Poems {antipoetry} can be in colloquial language about common life.
story poem {ballad poem}.
Poems {blank verse}| can use unrhymed iambic pentameter lines.
Poems {confessional poetry} can admit sin.
Poems {elegy}| can be melancholy contemplations or laments.
Short sentences {epigram}| can be solemn {Greek epigram} or witty {Roman epigram}.
Poetry {Gnomic poetry} can use aphorisms, maxims, and proverbs.
Poems {lyric poem} can express emotions or thoughts, with no story.
Poems {macaronic verse} can use several languages.
Poems {occasional verse} can be for common events.
Lyric poems {ode}| can be about serious themes, gods, or heroes. Odes {Pindaric ode} can have stanzas with strophe, anti-strophe, and epode and have lines with different lengths. Odes {Horatian ode} can have four-line stanzas about love, patriotism, and morals.
Poems {pastoral, poem} {bucolic, poem} can be about simple country life or about shepherds. Pastoral poems are often in Arcadia, mountainous region of Greece.
Poems {sonnet}| can have 14, 12, or 16 lines in iambic pentameter. Sonnets can use rhyme scheme ABAB CDCD EFEF GG {Shakespearean sonnet} {English sonnet} or ABBA ABBA CDE CDE {Petrarchan sonnet} {Italian sonnet}. Sonnets can be in series {sonnet sequence}.
Songs {hymn} can be about God, something sacred, or heroes.
Hymns {magnificat}| can praise God.
Hymns {psalm}| can be of praise.
Books {psalmody} can have psalms.
Narrative poems {epic poem} {heroic epic} can be about heroes in golden or mythical age, in serious and formal style and with allusions and figurative language. Epic poems begin with appeal to the Muses {invocation, poem}. Then the poet asks the Muses the epic question. Then narrative begins, often in media res, when the hero is at low point. Action continues from that point, with occasional flashbacks. Gods or magic can intervene {machinery, poem}.
style
Epic poems typically repeat stock epithets and line formulas.
types
Epic poems can feature trips to land of the dead. Epic poems can be for recitation before royalty {primary epic} {folk epic}. Epic poems can be for reading {secondary epic} {literary epic}.
In narrative poems, poet asks the Muses what began the action {epic question}|.
In narrative poems, narrative begins, often in story middle {in media res}, when hero is at low point.
Epic poems can be long comparisons {epic simile} {Homeric simile}.
Short epic poems {idyll}| {epyllion} can be pastoral in tone.
Short medieval tales or songs {lay} {lai} were about love and adventure.
Poems {narrative poem} can tell story.
Troubadours sang lyrics {aube} from a lady to her lover.
Three eight-line stanzas have rhyme scheme ABABBCBC, followed by four-line envoy with rhyme scheme BCBC {ballade poem}. 14th-century troubadours used ballade form.
Rhyming short love stories {Breton lay} can have mythology, chivalry, and magic. Chaucer adapted English Breton lays for The Canterbury Tales.
French songs {chanson de geste, French} can be about deeds.
Five eleven-line stanzas have rhyme scheme ABABCCDDEDE, followed by five-line envoy with rhyme scheme DDEDE {chant royal}.
Poems {chantefable} can have alternating verse and prose.
In medieval poetic forms {debat}, two characters disputed abstract topic.
Last stanzas {envoy, poem} can be farewells. Envoys typically dedicate poem to someone.
Poetry forms {French fixed form} can be similar to ballade: love song {canso}, debate {tenso}, intellectual debate {partimen} {joc parti}, satirical song {sirventes}, conversation between people separating at dawn {alba}, knight and female shepherd {pastorela}, and lament {planh}.
round {rondeau, poetry}.
Light verse {vers de societé} can use complicated rhyme scheme and sophisticated ideas.
Unrhymed poems {free verse} {vers libre} in fixed meter can have different line lengths.
19-line poems {villanelle} have five tercets, each followed by refrain, and one quatrain, followed by refrain. First-tercet first and third lines are refrain.
short sung funeral elegy {dirge}|.
Poems {eulogy}| can praise living or dead people.
Eulogies {monody, poetry} can be at funerals.
Eulogies {threnody} can be at funerals.
Ancient Greeks composed wild and emotional hymns {dithyramb} to Dionysius. Greek tragedy developed from dithyramb.
Poems or acrostics {abecedarius} can use alphabet.
Poem letters or lines can make patterns {acrostic}|.
Poetry {anacreonic poetry} can be about wine and women.
Poets can make poetic protests {complaint, poetry} to unresponsive opposite-sex people.
Poems {concrete poem} can describe images or shapes.
Poems {ditty} can be short informal humorous songs.
Humorous poems {doggerel} can use rhymed lines with odd stresses and irregular metrics.
Poem lines can form shape {emblematic poetry}.
Folk poems {flyting} can alternate abusive comments from two characters.
Lyrics {Goliardic verse} can be about wine and women in made-up Latin.
Mock-heroic poetry can use iambic-tetrameter couplets {Hudibrastic couplet}.
Poems {light verse} can be playful, comic, absurd, sophisticated, or witty, or have complicated rhyme scheme.
Humorous poems {limerick}| can use rhyme scheme AABBA, with third and fourth lines shorter than the others.
Light verse {nonsense verse} can use absurd words or ideas.
Poems {shape poem} can have different-length lines that form shapes.
Poems {canzone} {fronte} {sirma} similar to Italian sonnet can have several stanzas of 14 lines, followed by envoy.
florid style {marinismo}.
Poems {haiku}| can have three lines, with five, seven, and five syllables. Basho, Buson, Chiyo-ni, Chosu, Dansui, Etsujin, Issa, Kyorai, Oeharu, Shiki, Shisei-jo, Shusen, and Soseki used haiku form.
Japanese poem form {renga}.
Poems {tanka} can have five lines, with five, seven, five, seven, and seven syllables. Tsurayuki used tanka form.
Japanese poem form {waka}.
Drinking songs {khamriyyat} can be about the wine boy {saqi}.
funny love lyrics {mudhakkarat} {mujuniyyat}.
Pastoral poems {eclogue} can be dialogue between shepherds or rural description.
chorus odes {epinicia}.
Catullus developed lyrics {epithalamion} for newlyweds.
Pastoral poems {georgic} can be about farming and farm work.
gypsy deep song {cante jondo}.
personal-life poems {carmina, poem}.
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225