Brain can perceive motion {motion perception} {motion detector}. Motion analysis is independent of other visual analyses.
properties: adaptation
Motion detector neurons adapt quickly.
properties: direction
Most cortical motion-detector neurons detect motion direction.
properties: distance
Most cortical motion-detector neurons are for specific distance.
properties: fatigue
Motion-detector neurons can fatigue.
properties: location
Most cortical motion-detector neurons are for specific space direction.
properties: object size
Most cortical motion-detector neurons are for specific object spot or line size. To detect larger or smaller objects, motion-detector neurons have larger or smaller receptive fields.
properties: rotation
To have right and left requires asymmetry, such as dot or shape. In rotation, one side appears to go backward while the other goes forward, which makes whole thing stand still.
properties: speed
Most cortical motion-detector neurons detect motion speed.
processes: brain
Area-V5 neurons detect different speed motions in different directions at different distances and locations for different object spot or line sizes. Motion detectors are for one direction, object size, distance, and speed relative to background. Other neurons detect expansion, contraction, and right or left rotation [Thier et al., 1999].
processes: frame
Spot motion from one place to another is like appearance at location and then appearance at another location. Spot must excite motion-detector neuron for that direction and distance.
processes: opposite motions
Motion detectors interact, so motion inhibits opposed motion, making motion contrasts. For example, motion in one direction excites motion detectors for that direction and inhibits motion detectors for opposite direction.
processes: retina image speed
Retinal radial-image speed relates to object distance.
processes: timing
Motion-detector-neuron comparison is not simultaneous addition but has delay or hold from first neuron to wait for second excitation. Delay can be long, with many intermediate neurons, far-apart neurons, or slow motion, or short, with one intermediate neuron, close neurons, or fast motion.
processes: trajectory
Motion detectors work together to detect trajectory or measure distances, velocities, and accelerations. Higher-level neurons connect motion detection units to detect straight and curved motions (Werner Reichardt). As motion follows trajectory, memory shifts to predict future motions.
Consciousness>Consciousness>Sense>Vision>Physiology>Motion
1-Consciousness-Sense-Vision-Physiology-Motion
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Date Modified: 2022.0224