Photoreceptor cells excite retinal neurons {bipolar cell, vision}. There are ten bipolar-cell types. Parasol ganglion cells can receive from large-dendrite-tree bipolar cells {diffuse bipolar cell}.
input
Central-retina small bipolar cells {midget bipolar cell} receive from one cone. Peripheral-retina bipolar cells receive from more than one cone. Horizontal cells inhibit bipolar cells.
output
Bipolar cells send to inner plexiform layer to excite or inhibit ganglion cells, which can be up to five neurons away.
ON-center cells
ON-center midget bipolar cells increase output when light intensity increases in receptive-field center and/or decreases in receptive-field periphery. OFF-center midget bipolar cells increase output when light intensity decreases in receptive-field center and/or increases in receptive-field periphery.
Consciousness>Consciousness>Sense>Vision>Anatomy>Cells>Retina
1-Consciousness-Sense-Vision-Anatomy-Cells-Retina
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Date Modified: 2022.0224