Kinesthesia-and-touch pressure and vibration receptors {mechanoreceptor} detect relative body-part positions, including position changes caused by movements.
Muscle mechanoreceptors {annulospiral ending} code muscle length and muscle-length-change rate and send positive feedback to muscle.
Muscle mechanoreceptors {flower spray ending} code muscle length, slowly excite flexor muscles, and slowly inhibit extensor muscles.
To react to fast tendon-length change, tendon mechanoreceptors {Golgi tendon organ} measure tension above (high) threshold, detect inverse-stretch-reflex active contraction, and send negative feedback to muscles attached to tendons.
Muscle mechanoreceptors {muscle spindle} measure tension.
Muscles, tendons, joints, alimentary canal, and bladder have mechanoreceptors {stretch receptor}, such as flower-spray endings and annulospiral endings, that detect pulling and stretching. Neck muscle-and-joint stretch receptors indicate head direction with respect to body.
1-Consciousness-Sense-Kinesthesia
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Date Modified: 2022.0225